How many species of crocodilians does India have?
India is home to three species of crocodilians: saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) also known as salties, gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) aka gavials and mugger or marsh crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris).
What is the difference between saltwater and marsh crocodiles?
Saltwater crocodiles are found in brackish mangrove swamps, river deltas, coastal lagoons and estuaries. They have salt glands that allow them to live in saltwater ecosystems. Meanwhile, marsh crocodiles are found in freshwater lakes, rivers, marshes, also man-made reservoirs and irrigation canals. The lifespan of a marsh crocodile is somewhere between 20 to 40 years wheras saltwater crocodiles can live up to 40 to 70 years.
Why are gharials named so?
The name 'gharial' is derived from the Hindi word 'ghara' which means earthen pot. This name refers to the bulbous growth on the adult male's snout.
What is the IUCN status of crocodiles and gharials in India?
While saltwater crocodiles are listed as least concern, the IUCN status of marsh crocodiles and gharials is vulnerable and least concern respectively.
What are the threats to saltwater crocodiles, marsh crocodiles and gharials?
Threats to crocodilians in India are habitat loss and degradation, poaching for meat, eggs and medicinal use. Persecutory killing and sacrificial practices are also considerable threats.
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