Stories
Fish
What Are Fish? Definition and Key Features
Fish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills and typically have fins and scales. They live in both freshwater and marine environments and are the most diverse group of vertebrates, with over 34,000 known species worldwide.
How Many Fish Species Are There in India?
India is rich in fish diversity, with more than 2,500 species found in its rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Notable examples include the mahseer, a prized game fish found in Himalayan rivers; the Indian mackerel, common along the western coast; and the Ganges shark, a rare and threatened freshwater species. Coral reef systems around Lakshadweep and the Gulf of Mannar also support vibrant marine fish communities like clownfish, parrotfish, and groupers. Fish are a vital food source and economic driver in many Indian communities, especially in coastal and riverine regions.
Threats to Fish Populations in India
However, they face growing threats from overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, and the construction of dams that block migration routes. Invasive species like the African catfish and tilapia have disrupted native ecosystems, often outcompeting local fish. Climate change, by altering water temperatures and oxygen levels, is another growing concern.
Protecting India’s Fish: From Rivers to Coral Reefs
Conservation actions such as establishing no-fishing zones, promoting sustainable aquaculture, and regulating river development are essential to protecting India's aquatic biodiversity. Fish are more than just resources — they are indicators of freshwater and marine health, and their survival is deeply tied to the wellbeing of both people and ecosystems.
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Infographic
Parrotfish: Facts, Habits, Threats
Infographic
Angelfish: Facts, Habitat, Threats
Infographic
Triggerfish: Facts, Habits, Threats
Photo Story
Moray Eels: Top Predators with an Arsenal of Defences
Wild Vault
Moray Eels: Delightful or Deadly?
Infographic
Moray Eels: Facts, Size, Habitat, Hunting Strategies
Species
Tenacious Triggerfish: The Territorial Reef Residents
Infographic
Butterflyfish: Facts, Habits, Jaw Morphologies
Species
Butterflyfish in a Coral Garden
Film
A Fisher's Guide to Conservation: How to Identify Sharks
Film
Krem Umladaw: The Descent into Darkness
Film
The Mud Pack: Love, Life, and Strife in the Sundarbans
Conservation
Ganges Shark: The One True River Shark of India
Mixed media
Celebrating the Festive Season with an Underwater Christmas Tree
Photo Story
Small Fish: Thumbelinas of the Sea
Species
Walking with Mudskippers: A Fish That’s Happy Out of Water
Conservation
Understanding Market Dynamics to Make Shark Fishing Sustainable
Photo Story
The Fish That Quit Horsing Around
Conservation
Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras in a Race Against Extinction
Infographic
Anemonefish: Facts, Gender Fluidity, Reproduction
Green Humour
Flying Fish: The OG Champions of Outdoor Adventure Sport
Species
The Anemonefish-Anemone Partnership: Not Just Clowning Around
Species
Bright and Bristly: Christmas Tree Worms and Their Festive Whorls
Species
Angelfish: Bright Blues and Graceful Swims
Species
Damselfish: The Farmers of the Reef
Infographic
Damselfish: Facts, Habitats, Courtship
Conservation
Save the Whale Sharks of the Lakshadweep Islands
Conservation
Demand for Shark Meat Fuelled by Restaurants
Infographic
Guitarfish and Giant Guitarfishes: Facts, Sensory Systems, Threats
Photo Story
Tetraodontiform Fish and the Art of Self-Defence
Species
Parrotfish: Rainbows in the Reef
News
Community Efforts Guide Mahseer Protection in Meghalaya
Infographic
Boxfish: Facts, Diet, Habitat
Infographic
Lionfish: Facts, Habitat, Venom
Green Humour
Good News for the Sharks?
Species
Beauty or Beast? The Lionfish Conundrum
Infographic
Sharks: Facts, Jaws, Threats
Species
Protecting the Sacred Fish of the Cauvery
Photo Story
Going with the Flow: Tale of the Golden Mahseer
Green Humour
Nirvana is for Everyone
Green Humour
Long Live the Greenland Sharks
Green Humour
The Blue-Striped Fangblenny Works Smart, Not Hard
Green Humour
Satyajit Ray’s Underwater Fanclub
Green Humour
Follow the Pufferfish for Underwater Art
Green Humour
The Ray Needs a Ray of Hope
Green Humour
COVID-19 Vaccine: The Shark Has a Few Suggestions
Green Humour
When a Mermaid Met a Herpetologist
Green Humour
Who Wears Pyjamas to Work? The Pyjama Sharks!
Infographic
Great Barracuda: Facts, Size, Dangers
Infographic
Blennies: Facts, Lifespan, and Life on the Coral Reefs
Infographic
Golden Mahseer: Facts, Threats, Habitat
Infographic
Hump-backed Mahseer: Facts, Habitat, Threats
Infographic
Mudskippers: Facts, Appearance, Amphibious Fish
Species
Humpback Mahseer: Big Fish in a Small World
Conservation
Fishy Quandary: A Nexus of Livelihoods and Native Fish
Photo Story
Cracking the Schooling Fish Code: The Andaman story
Photo Story
Cleaning Symbiosis: Underwater Hygiene with the Ocean’s Favourite Cleaning Experts
Photo Story
Common Venomous Reef Creatures of the Shallow Seas
Column
The Zen of Diving
Wild Vault
Not Just Jaws: Shark Facts Fresh from Indian Seas
Wild Vault
Fish Discovered in Kerala may have Lived with the Last Dinosaurs
Conservation
Gulf of Mannar’s Corals Endangered by Marine Debris
Conservation
How Goa is Emerging as the New Shark-Eating Destination
Species
Bewitching Blennies: Pixies of the Seas
Infographic
Hawkfish: Facts, Diet, Habitat
Species
Boxfish: An Evolutionary Guide to Self-preservation
Conservation
So Long, and Thanks for All the Plastic
Conservation
Friends in Low Places: Connecting with the Ocean
Infographic
Seahorses: Facts, Diet, Threats
Species
Hawkfish Hues: Of Underwater Hunts and Hairy Spines
Wild Vault
Frightened by A Fish
Species
Great Barracuda: Shiny and Scary but Surprisingly Shy
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